As a rising star in the field of materials science, smart composite materials have broken the inherent model of traditional materials, demonstrating unique composition and outstanding performance. In terms of structure, they ingeniously integrate an smart material layer with a traditional reinforcement/matrix material layer—much like combining a smart brain with a strong physique.

Within this unique material system, the smart material layer serves as its "smart core," mainly composed of sensors, actuators, and data processing units. Sensors act as sharp perceptual organs, capable of real-time capturing subtle changes in the external environment. No fluctuation in temperature, change in pressure, variation in stress, or ripple in electromagnetic fields can escape their "sight." For instance, in the high-temperature components of aero-engines, embedded temperature sensors can accurately monitor the surface temperature of parts, providing key data for subsequent adjustments. Actuators function like flexible limbs: upon receiving signals from sensors, they quickly respond by altering their mechanical characteristics—such as shape, size, position, rigidity, natural frequency, and damping—to adapt to environmental changes. The data processing unit plays the role of a "brain," rapidly analyzing and processing large volumes of data collected by sensors before issuing precise instructions to actuators, enabling smart regulation of material performance.